India's ASAT missile test created 400 pieces of debris, endangering ISS: NASA

Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) Interceptor missile being launched by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in an Anti-Satellite (A-SAT) missile test ‘Mission Shakti’ engaging an Indian orbiting target satellite in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) in a ‘Hit to Kill’ mode from Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha, on Wednesday, March 27, 2019.  

But the risk will dissipate over time as much of the debris will burn up as it enters the atmosphere.

The head of the United States' National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Jim Bridenstine, on Tuesday branded India’s destruction of one of its satellites a “terrible thing” that had created 400 pieces of orbital debris and led to new dangers for astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS).

Mr. Bridenstine was addressing employees of the NASA five days after India shot down a low-orbiting satellite in a missile test to prove it was among the world’s advanced space powers.

 

Not all of the pieces were big enough to track, Mr. Bridenstine explained. “What we are tracking right now, objects big enough to track — we’re talking about 10 cm [six inches] or bigger — about 60 pieces have been tracked.”

The Indian satellite was destroyed at a relatively low altitude of 300 km, well below the ISS and most satellites in orbit.

But 24 of the pieces “are going above the apogee of the ISS,” said Mr. Bridenstine.

“That is a terrible, terrible thing to create an event that sends debris at an apogee that goes above the International Space Station. That kind of activity is not compatible with the future of human spaceflight. It’s unacceptable and NASA needs to be very clear about what its impact to us is,” he said.

But the risk will dissipate over time as much of the debris will burn up as it enters the atmosphere.

The U.S. military tracks objects in space to predict the collision risk of the ISS and satellites.

They are currently tracking 23,000 objects larger than 10 cm.

Chinese test created 3,000 debris

That includes about 10,000 pieces of space debris, of which nearly 3,000 were created by a single event: a Chinese anti-satellite test in 2007 at 530 miles from the surface.

As a result of the Indian test, the risk of collision with the ISS has increased by 44 percent over 10 days, Mr. Bridenstine said.